البطالة في إسرائيل

البطالة في إسرائيل

نظرة طويلة الأمد، وخطوات محتملة لتحديد السياسات

تأليف	أرييه أرنون, نتاليا فيرسمان
الناشر	دار النشر معهد فان لير
اللغة	العبرية
سنة الإصدار	2007
سلسلة	برنامج الاقتصاد والمجتمع

تحميل

يوثّق البحث الحالي ظاهرة البطالة في الاقتصاد الإسرائيلي على امتداد أكثر من ثلاثين عاما، وذلك من خلال التمحور في مجموعات سكانية مختلفة بحسب الجندر، والمستوى التعليمي، والسن، والقومية، ومنطقة السكن. الصورة التي نستشفها من هذه الدراسة تُظهر ارتفاعا كبيرا في نسب البطالة في إسرائيل، وتثير مجددا سؤالا لم يلقى إجابة شافية حتى الآن: هل يمكن العودة إلى نسبة بطالة أقل، أم أنّ النسبة التي وصلنا إليها هي نسبة البطالة الطبيعيّة، وكل محاولة لخفضها ستشكّل ضرباً من العبث؟
يتبيّن من الأبحاث التي استعرضناها في القسم الأول أنّ نسبة البطالة في إسرائيل في العقد الأخير تفوق جميع التقديرات حول النسبة الطبيعية. شحّ النقاش في إسرائيل اليوم حول ما يسمى "السياسة النّشطة في سوق العمل" (ALMP, active labor market policy) يبرز على خلفية النقاش المستفيض الذي يدور حول هذا الموضوع في الدول الأوروبية, سنقوم في القسم الثاني من البحث باستعراض ظاهرة البطالة في دول OECD، وسنراجع في القسم الثالث منه كيف أثّرت الإجراءات التي اتخذت في هذه الدول على البطالة. سنخصّص القسم الرابع من الكتاب لبحث مبدئيٍ مقتضب حول مشروعيّة تحديد هدف لتقليص البطالة.

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