מחלוקת 6

מחלוקת 6

גודל המגזר הציבורי: המודל האירופי והמודל האמריקני

מאת	אביה ספיבק
מו"ל	הוצאת מכון ון ליר
שפה	עברית
שנת הוצאה	2007
סדרה	מפרסומי התוכנית לכלכלה וחברה

נייר זה מציג את המחלוקת על השיטה הכלכלית הראויה ועל חלוקת התפקידים בין השוק לממשלה. עקב ההתפתחויות בעולם ובמחקר הכלכלי, מחלוקת זו לובשת ופושטת צורה. המחלוקת היסודית בין שיטה כלכלית של תכנון מרכזי ובין שיטת השוק תמה ונשלמה עם המעבר של רוסיה מהשיטה הסובייטית, שלפיה המדינה היתה בעלת אמצעי הייצור והמעסיק העיקרי, לשיטה של כלכלת השוק. גם סין עוברת בהדרגה לכלכלת שוק, ואמנם, מנוע הצמיחה של הכלכלה הסינית הוא הרפורמות ההדרגתיות של התרת הפעילות הפרטית. בעקבות שינויים אלו, המחלוקת כעת אינה על השיטה הבסיסית, שלפיה כלכלת השוק והבעלות הפרטית הן המודל היחיד הקיים, אלא על הניואנסים שלה, הנוגעים לתפקיד הממשלה ולגודלה במסגרת כלכלת השוק. להלן נראה כי המחלוקת היא בין השיטה ה"אירופית" ובין השיטה ה"אמריקנית". בשנים האחרונות מתחדדת בספרות המחקר הכלכלית האבחנה שהאירופים והאמריקנים בחרו בחירות שונות במגוון נושאים: מעורבות המדינה במשק, דרגת הרגולציה של השווקים, גודל התקציבים החברתיים, צריכת הפנאי, קיום ביטוח בריאות, הבטחת דיור מינימלי לכל האוכלוסייה וכן הלאה. במחלוקת שלהלן נעמוד על הסיבות שהובילו לבחירות השונות ונראה כי מעורבות רבה יותר של הממשלה במשק תורמת לשוויון הכלכלי.

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לפרסומים נוספים

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