מחלוקת 7

מחלוקת 7

איגודים מקצועיים

מאת	יצחק ספורטא
מו"ל	הוצאת מכון ון ליר
שפה	עברית
שנת הוצאה	2007
סדרה	מפרסומי התוכנית לכלכלה וחברה

מה השפעתם של האיגודים המקצועיים על המשק ועל החברה? אילו נבע הידע שלנו, רובו או כולו, מהדיון הציבורי, התשובה על כך היתה פשוטה: השפעתם של האיגודים המקצועיים – או של הוועדים החזקים, או של ההסתדרות – שלילית. גם אם הם אינם שורש הרע, כך ייאמר, הרי הם מפריעים לניהולה התקין של הכלכלה ונזקם רב. כמעט שלא תמצאו דברים בשבחן של התארגנויות עובדים.

ברם, המימד המוסרי בדיון על האיגודים המקצועיים חשוב, מכיוון שהעוסקים בתחום מכירים בייחודו של העובד לעומת מוצרים אחרים. בתיאוריה הכלכלית העובד, או העבודה, הם מוצר כמו כל מוצר אחר, וכך גם בניתוח שוק העבודה: יש היצע, יש ביקוש ויש שיווי משקל. כל דבר המפריע למהלכו התקין של השוק גורם לעיוותו ובכך להקטנת יעילותו, והקטנת היעילות פוגעת בעיקר בעובדים חסרי הכישורים וההשכלה. הקריאה "עבודה אינה מוצר", שהושמעה כבר במאה ה-19, מערערת על התפיסה הכלכלית הפשטנית, ובכך מניחה הנחה נורמטיבית בדבר זכויותיהם של האיש והאישה העובדים.

מאמר זה מציג סקירה של הספרות הענפה העוסקת בתפקידם של ארגוני העובדים ובהשפעתם על המעסיקים ועל העובדים, על החברה ועל המשק, ובוחן לאורה את הטענות המושמעות בדיון הציבורי.

ללא תשלום

עשוי לעניין אותך

לפרסומים נוספים

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